Sains Malaysiana 53(4)(2024): 881-892

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5304-12

Evaluating the Cytotoxic Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 against MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells and Identifying Its Surface Layer Protein Gene

(Menilai Aktiviti Sitotoksik Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 terhadap Sel Kanser Payudara Manusia MCF-7 dan Mengenal Pasti Gen Protein Lapisan Permukaannya)

REZA ADIYOGA¹, CAHYO BUDIMAN¹, ZAENAL ABIDIN², KAZUHITO FUJIYAMA³& IRMA ISNAFIA ARIEF^1,*

¹Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

³International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan

Received: 4 June 2023/Accepted: 28 February 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer is a serious global health concern, with a high mortality rate worldwide. Using natural compounds as potential cancer therapies is a promising approach to address this issue. Previous research has shown that probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites, such as surface layer protein (slp), have a positive impact on a variety of health disorders, including cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 to suppress the growth of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and detect the presence of the slp gene. Intracellular and extracellular protein fractions were isolated from L. plantarum IIA-1A5 cultures. The protein concentrations and molecular weights of the extracts were measured. The anticancer activity of the extracts was assessed using the MTT cytotoxicity test, and IC₅₀ values were calculated. The slp gene was identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and nucleotide sequencing. The results demonstrated that L. plantarum IIA-1A5 had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values of 6.831 and 12.35 μg/mL for intracellular extracts and extracellular extracts, respectively. Additionally, PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing confirmed the presence of the slp gene, which may contribute to the strain’s anticancer abilities. These findings suggest the potential of L. plantarum IIA-1A5 as a natural anticancer agent against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of L. plantarum IIA-1A5 in breast cancer treatment.

Keywords: Anticancer; breast cancer; lactic acid bacteria; MCF-7; slp gene

Abstrak

Kanser payudara merupakan isu kesihatan global utama dengan kadar kematian yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Penggunaan sebatian semula jadi sebagai terapi kanser merupakan strategi yang berpotensi untuk menangani isu ini. Kajian terdahulu telah mencadangkan bahawa bakteria asid laktik probiotik (LAB) dan metabolitnya seperti protein lapisan permukaan (slp) telah menunjukkan kesan yang baik terhadap pelbagai keadaan kesihatan, termasuk kanser. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidik potensi Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 dalam menghalang pertumbuhan sel kanser payudara MCF-7 dan mengenal pasti kehadiran gen slp. Fraksi protein intrasel dan ekstrasel diekstrak daripada kultur L. plantarum IIA-1A5. Konsentrasi protein dan berat molekul ekstrak dianalisis. Aktiviti antikanser ekstrak dinilai menggunakan ujian sitotoksik MTT dan nilai IC₅₀ ditentukan. Amplifikasi rantai polimerase (PCR) dan penjujukan nukleotida dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti gen slp. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa L. plantarum IIA-1A5 menunjukkan kesan perencatan yang bergantung kepada kepekatan ke atas sel kanser payudara MCF-7, dengan nilai IC₅₀ 6.831 μg/mL untuk ekstrak intrasel dan 12.35 μg/mL untuk ekstrak ekstrasel. Kehadiran gen slp disahkan dalam strain tersebut melalui amplifikasi PCR dan penjujukan nukleotida. Penemuan ini menunjukkan potensi L. plantarum IIA-1A5 sebagai agen antikanser semula jadi untuk rawatan kanser payudara MCF-7. Gen slp yang dikenal pasti mungkin menyumbang kepada aktiviti antikanser strain tersebut. Penyelidikan lanjut diperlukan untuk memahami mekanisme asas L. plantarum IIA-1A5 dalam rawatan kanser payudara.

Kata kunci: Antikanser; bakteria asid laktik; gen slp; kanser payudara; MCF-7

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*Corresponding author; email: isnafia@apps.ipb.ac.id